Assignment 1

 

ALIENWARE 17 GAMING LAPTOP

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Customer Satisfaction

2.1 Stakeholder Analysis

2.2 Capturing Customer Needs

2.3 Customer Needs Analysis (Kano Analysis)

3 Design Requirements

3.1 Translating Customer Needs into Design Requirements (QFD)

3.2 Design Risk Analysis (FMEA)

4 Supplier selection and evaluation

4.1 Identifying Major Components:-

4.2 Developing the supplier Selection Criteria

4.3 Constructing and Using a supplier selection system

4.4 Conclusion

5 STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

5.1 Identifying the process

5.2 Constructing and using a SPC Chart

Statistical Control Charts:

Battery life x-Bar & R- chart

6 Problem Solving

6.1 Identifying Problems and Using Problem-Solving Tools

6.2 Constructing and Using Problem Solving Tools

a Fish bone diagram

b Check sheet and Pareto Diagram

Bibliography:-

1.    Introduction

The laptop is the ultimate instrument extensively used by students to the researchers. The power and speed of the laptops are governing factor of the use. Despite the use of a laptop for only educational and business purpose, it has grown its scope to a newer and broader field of gaming. The current trend of the gaming consoles including PS, Xbox and the powerful gaming laptop is the increase in efficiency, less lag and more FPS with decreased size, less heating and portability (Miller 2000).

Gaming was considered as the method of recreation and time pass, but with the investment of millions of dollars for the development of games, increased broadband of internet and online servers, the phenomenon has become careers for many people with the worldwide gaming competition as grand as world cups(Lenhart et al. 2008). With the development of technologies and increased manufacturers, there are gaming laptops for basic gameplay to the high-end gaming experience.

With the vast number of manufacturers, companies are reluctant to design a gaming laptop that provides great experience and in-depth engagement with the gameplay. Alienware 17, developed by DELL is the groundbreaking flagship killer laptop with high performance and better gaming experience.

The key feature of the Alienware 17 is the customizability. It has incorporated the Intel® Core™ i7-7820HK which is fortified with the Tobii eye-tracking technology that helps in RPG for aiming at the point of vision, teammates signalling and quick surround navigation which is the first in gaming laptop series for unparalleled immersion in the game. The significant software characteristics that separates the laptop from other laptops are system intelligence for the navigation, storage of the information about the degree of attention and position of the player in front of  the laptop, gaming coaching with Alienware Overwolf apps that assist in the re-examination of gaze pattern thus developing concise idea of gaming mistake of ownself. Furthermore, HD camera with Windows Hello fitted with IR sensor and recognition of face feature helps to maintain proper privacy and safe login.

With the advantages of highly engineered dimensions and low weights, the significant hardware features include Killer™ Wireless, for best wireless network connections, Alienware Graphics Amplifier support to integrated dual-wide video graphics for the UHD display. One of the key features, all the users verify before the purchase of any types of laptops is the battery life. Alienware 17 contains a 68Whr battery which can be further expanded to the 99Whr Lithium-Ion battery and can last up to 10 hrs. For easy loading of the games and prevent unusual vibration that can be disturbing during the gameplay.

Alienware is provided with realistic virtual reality experience with a VR-ready system that is powered by NVIDIA VR works technology. It helps the player to incorporate into the game and feel the presence of own self in the game. Along with the lightweight and portability feature, magnesium alloy, anodized aluminium and steel body provides the tactility and mobility with strength from drop and shock.

Eight dimensions of quality characteristics described by DA Garvin, and those eight qualities to be addressed by the Alienware 17 are performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality that should be incorporated in the components like processor, display, hard-drive, graphics card, lightweight, RAM and battery(Garvin 1984). Alienware 17 covers all the mentioned characters and is thus a perfect value for money for the gamers and new experience in the gaming arena.

2. Customer Satisfaction

2.1 Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholders are the bodies- individuals, organisations or power groups, directly and indirectly, involved in the decision making the process for the facilitation of implementation of the policies, to produce a service or product based on their intentions, behaviours, agendas, interrelations and interests(Brugha & Varvasovszky 2000). Stakeholders of gaming laptops are:-

S.No	Stakeholder	Expectations
1	Customer	Better quality Fast and reliable User friendly Regular updates Customizability Extended battery life Good customer service and refund policy
2	Staffs	Good salary Incentives, superannuation, pension and bonus Risk-free working areas Appreciation of works Proper training and utilisation of skills
3	Shareholders	Profits Dividends
4	Competitors	Healthy competitions Following of ethics of business Development of competitive products
5	Server Developer	Compatible with the server software Server handling hardware Better connectivity
6	Supplier	Payment in time High demand of the product Consistent orders Good relationship
7	Developers and publishers Of games	Optimised gameplay Software and hardware compatibility FPS stability Profit from game Priority of games in the device
8	Government	Components and whole device compliance with standards Stable revenue and tax Employment generation
9	Retailers	Good profit margin Regular supply of the stocks Quick and on time delivery Rewards for extra sales
10	Engineering Department	Proper hardware and setup for design Appropriate technology for development Appreciation of work Promotion of new ideas and innovations Reward for the works
11	Standard Bodies (ISO, IEC, ANSI)	Compliance with the laws and standard Health and safety regulated

 

  2.2 Capturing Customer Needs

Every service or product developed is based on the value to the customer. From the cost to the level of design rendered is affected by the anticipation of the customer. To produce any product, the value of the product to the customer in conjunction with the cost is considered, and thus four dimensions of requirements arise as per the SWOT analysis.

 Value to Customer

Good for both the producer Challenge for producer.

and customer Customers like to have it.

Cost/ Price

                          Basic requirements Waste of time/money and is not

Standard features appreciated by the customer

 

From above diagram, it can be noted that for the profit and success of any product, the utmost requirement is the knowledge of what the customer needs. So in order to capture the needs of the customer 4 phase model can be used in addition with the SWOT analysis. The 4 phase model includes following processes(Rees 2014) :-

1. Identity

All the persons that can be involved might not be of use to the product. Identification of customers that are enthusiast towards the particular product is required.

2. Capture

Various methods are available to capture the customer need. Some of them are (Akpolat 2004):-

• Customer Interviews:–

Customer interview is the most accessible method for understanding the need of the customer. It is easy in the sense that face to face interaction with the direct questions of what a customer needs, expectation from the products and useless features that might have been misunderstood for essential can be understood and analysed. However, the primary consideration while doing the interview is that the customer should know about the products either of the same or from the competitor’s products. It should include a particular set of questions, and the meaningful answer should be perceived by the customer.

• Customer survey questionnaires

It is a method in which a fixed set of questions are prepared and supplied to the customers for the recognition of the needs more precisely. One of the popular methods of these survey questionnaires is Google Form, which extensively used anonymity that leads the customer to express more openly as compared to customer face to face interviews. Furthermore, the scale of ratings and the numeric grading can be easily provided which makes the understanding easier.

• Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a method of capturing ideas of a large quantity for the given sets of questions within the time frame. Responses are in the form of recorded verbatim, and the judgement is not provided for the generated ideas until the response time period. Deferring the judgement and attainment of bulk and broader ideas is the central concept of this method(Helms & Nixon 2010).

• Market trend analysis

A market trend analysis is the research of the past trend of the market, behaviour of the customer and picking of the dominant relationship between the market and customer for the prediction of the need of the customer. It helps to plan the future of the product and manufacture the right product and the correct time. As in the case of gaming laptop, the observation of market trend shows significant changes from 2000 to 2015, at the beginning single gaming at home was predominant, followed by local LAN and finally a worldwide server for playing games with different people from the different part of the world (Webber 2017). Thus, it can be deciphered that there was need of gaming laptops with significant storage capacity but with the development of online server better connectivity was found more dominant.

• Warranty claims

Warranty claims provide the precise knowledge of the quality of the product. Higher the number of warranty claims and grievance from the customer signifies that there is the compulsion for the improvement of the product. It should be understood that the higher warranty claims don’t signify the whole product to be of lower quality but a component or the functional malfunction may be present which can be rectified. For instance, Note 7 launched by Samsung has had many claims in regards to the battery but doesn’t signify that the note 7 was a less qualitative product. The rectification of battery and improvisation in Note 7 model has given rise to landmark android phones which are Galaxy s8 and Note 8. Thus, customer grievance can be used as the productive feedback, but the care should be given that the goodwill of the company does not degrade.

3. Analyse

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the captured need is the process done to understand the value of the needs. SIPOC method is the tool for the analysis of the data collected. SIPOC include

Suppliers:- Stakeholders that undergoes the process inputs

Inputs:- Includes the required data and materials needed for the operation of the process

Process:- It is the definition of the beginning and end or the boundaries of the process

Outputs:- the final products delivered

Customers:- Final consumer of the end product

4. Translate

Translation of the data is the conversion of needs and requirements into the understandable and meaningful data for the planning purpose. Kano analysis is used for this purpose which is further elaborated in 2.3 section.

2.3 Customer Needs Analysis (Xu et al.)

All the features that are included might not be of same importance to the customer. Some features that are included might be the basic standards to be provided whereas some might be the extra asset for the product. To differentiate the significance of the features Kano Analysis can be done that differentiate the needs into three categories viz MUSTs, WANTs and DESIRABLEs. MUSTs are the credentials that are expected to be present without any compromise whereas WANTs are the items desired by the customers(Xu et al. 2009). Whereas DESIRABLEs are the complimentary assets provided as extras for the excitement of the customer. Based on the methods, in 2.2 I have selected Customer Interviews and Customer survey questionnaires that researched three gaming groups namely UTS Gaming society, National DOTA League and FIFA Enthusiasts which are focused on three different types of games. Each question was focused on each attribute, and the customers further answered the question in the form of ranking 1 to 5 or YES, NO or NEUTRAL.

Following is the form of questions I have prepared as google form and survey questions:-

GAMING LAPTOP. WHAT DO YOU WANT IN IT?   Dear fellow gamers, as a part of the research for the university I have prepared the questionnaires related to the gaming laptop. Please give the anonymous and honest answer to these questions:- What are the types of games you usually play? Strategy, RPG or Sports? When you see a gaming laptop, do you go for the looks? What type of display do you want in your laptop? HD, UHD or 4k? What is the ideal monitor size for game? 14 inch, 17 inch or 18 inch Do you buy laptop based on game or the budget? YES, No or Neutral. How important is the Graphics Card? What is the normal fps you use for the gameplay? 30, 60, 120, 240 or 300? What is the ideal storage for your gameplay laptop? How about extra rooms for Expansion bays/ SSDs? How heavy is your laptop? Based on weight, what is the platform for your laptop? LAP, Table or Floor? Do you have a warranty for your gear? Based on a scale of 1 to 5 how much do you rate for the warranty requirement? What is the quality of sound you desire during the gameplay? Rate 1 to 5 Do you focus on the keyboard for the gaming laptop? YES, NO or Neutral Do you want a cooling system in your laptop? Do you play solo or in the server? What additional features would you like to incorporate in your laptop? Does the battery life affect your gaming experience? Rate 1-5

 

Based on the above questions and following face to face survey with the gaming groups and Kano analysis of the information obtained, followings are the needs that are required for a gaming laptop.

S.N	Attributes	Questions	Ratings	Needs
1	Processor speed	Should it be fast?	10	Basic Needs (MUSTs)
2	Graphics card	Is better fps required?	9
3	Storage	Do you want huge storage?	9
4	Connectivity	Do you want better connectivity?	8
5	Battery life	Does the battery life affect?	8
6	Warranty	Is the warranty required?	9
7	Keyboard layout	Do you want better keyboard layout than Normal laptop?	8
8	Cooling system	Does the heating of your laptop affect your game play?	9
9	Display	Do you want better resolution?	8
10	Customizability	Do you want customisation easiness in gaming laptop?	9
11	Monitor size	Do you want large screen?	5	Performance Needs (WANTs)
12	Customer service	Is good customer service expected?	6
13	Weight	Does the weight of laptop matter?	4
14	Appearance	Is the aesthetics of the laptop important?	6
15	Sound quality	What kind of sound output you want during gameplay?	7
16	Expansion bays	Do you want extra ports?	6
17	Anti-virus	Is your laptop regularly affected by antivirus?	6
18	Games	Do you want extra games and server points?	5
19	Insurance	Is insurance required?	4
20	Extra connectivity	Do you want window sharing with external monitors?	6
21	Affordable price	Does the price of the device matter?	2	Desirables (EXTRAs)
22	Joypad/joysticks	Do you want joystick with your device?	3
23	Discounts	Do you want discounts?	2
24	Software updates	Is regular softwares required?	3
25	Touch screen	Do you want touch screen?	2

Thus the needs are tabulated below:-

MUSTs	WANTs	EXTRAs
Powerful processor (Intel® Core™ i7-7820HK) Powerful graphics card Internal storage of 2 TB SSD Better modem for connectivity (NETGEAR) Li-ion Battery Soft key keyboard 1 year warranty Better cooling system 4K Display Personal customisability in hardware	17 inch screen Good customer service Light weight Appearance Robust sound Extra ports for external hard-drives and joypads Free antivirus Free games Insurance External connectivity with other monitors	Affordable price Extra joypad/joysticks Discounts Regular software updates Touchscreen

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 Design Requirements

3.1 Translating Customer Needs into Design Requirements (QFD)

After the compilation of 25 needs, following table is generated with the 10 design requirements using the QFD below:-

Design Requirements         Customer Requirements			Standards of parts used	Hardware development	Software development	Power consumption/management	Size, weight and dimension	Cooling system	External Connectivity	Skilled development	Replaceable hardware	Online server compatibility
Musts	Powerful processor	10	9	9		9	1	9		9	1	3
	Powerful graphics card	9	9	9	3	9	1	9		9	1	3
	Sufficient storage	9	9	9		9	3	1			3	9
	Better modem for connectivity	8	9	9		3			9	5		9
	Longer Battery life	8	9	9		9		9		9		9
	Soft key Keyboard	9	3	9			3
	Minimum 1 year warranty	8	9		3						3
	Better cooling system	9	9	9		9	9	9		9
	4K Display	8	9	3		3	3	1
	Personal customizability in hardware	9	3	1					3	1	3
Wants	17 inch screen	5	9	1		1	9
	Good customer service	6										3
	Light weight	4	3	3			9
	Robust sound	6	9	3		1		3
	Extra ports for device	7	1	1			3		5		3
	Free Antivirus	6			9							3
	Free games	6			9
	Insurance	5	9
	External connectivity with other monitors	4	9	3	1		3		5		9	1
	Appearance	6	1	1			9			3
Desirables	Affordable price	2	1	3
	Extra joypads	3		1							1
	Discounts	2	3								3	1
	Regular software updates	3			9					9		3
	Touch screen	2	1	3		3
Target Values			Best standard parts	Competent development	2017 standard gameplay base	99 Whr Li-ion battery	17 inch 4k display,3.78 kg	Thermatake Core P100 efficeint cool	Multiple ports for HDMI, joystick and VR	Qualified with skilled developers	Plug and play	100% stability
Absolute score (total)			884	666	190	470	346	359	154	418	163	333

 

 

3.2 Design Risk Analysis (FMEA)

Using the highest scoring design requirements, risk analysis has been done using the FMEA :-

Part or function	Potential failure	Effect on system	Root Cause of failure	Risk before Action taken			Action to reduce risk	Risk after action taken
				P	S	R		P	S	R
Standard of parts used	Flawed device	Stop working	No proper inspection	5	5	25	Continuous inspection and tally of parts with guidelines from standard bodies	2	4	8
Hardware development	Laptop not working	No smooth gaming	No proper assemblage and compatible hardware	4	5	20	Compatibility check and monitoring during assemblage	1	3	3
Power consumption/management	Excess drainage of battery	Damage of battery	Charger defect	2	4	8	Use of prescribed standard charger	1	4	4
Skilled development	No updated and competitive product in market	Unable to compete	Hiring of inefficient staffs	3	4	12	Proper assessment of staff before hiring	1	2	2
Cooling system	Overheat	Motherboard damage	Malfunction of the cooling system	3	5	15	Testing of cooling system before installation	2	3	6

 

		1	2	3	4	5
P	Probability (chance) of occurrence	Low	Low to moderate	Moderate	Moderate to high	High
S	Seriousness of (Covey) failure	Minor	Minor to serious	Serious	Serious to critical	Critical

 

4 Supplier selection and evaluation

4.1 Identifying Major Components:-

The major components that are required for the assemblage of a gaming laptop are:-

1. Processor
2. Graphics Card
3. Hard drive
4. Battery
5. Screen
6. Keyboard
7. Cooling fan
8. Speaker
9. Charger
10. Touch pad
11. Modem

4.2 Developing the supplier Selection Criteria

Graphics card is the backbone for the gaming laptop. From rendering of proper visual to the realistic fps development graphics card plays the vital role. For the Alienware 17, due to its customisability, numerous options of graphics card is available, The criteria for the selection of graphics card are:-

1. Brand and company reputation
2. Cost
3. Warranty claims
4. FPS generation
5. Production capacity
6. Reliability
7. Refund policy
8. Compliance with standards
9. Heating during operation
10. Quality of material
11. Shipment and delivery

4.3 Constructing and Using a supplier selection system

Three major companies are present that provide the graphics cards. The selection of appropriate selection has been done

Rating range  1: Lowest score   10: Highest Score

SN	Selection and Evaluation criteria		List of Suppliers
		Importance Rating	Intel	AMD	Nvidia
1.	Brand and company reputation	8	8/64	8/64	9/72
2.	Cost	9	9/81	8/72	8/72
3.	Warranty Claims	9	6/54	7/63	9/81
4.	FPS generation	10	8/80	8/80	10/100
5.	Production Capacity	7	10/70	9/63	9/63
6.	Reliability	9	7/63	9/81	9/81
7.	Refund Policy	6	9/54	6/36	8/48
8.	Compliance with standards	9	7/63	9/81	10/90
9.	Heating during operation	10	6/60	7/70	9/90
10.	Quality of materials	9	8/72	9/81	9/81
11.	Shipment and delivery	8	10/80	9/72	8/64
Total			741	763	842

 

4.4 Conclusion

The supplier selection for three companies Intel, AMD and Nvidia is done based on 11 selection criteria. Graphics card has significant importance in the laptop and the compatible graphics card are manufactured by these three companies. All the companies are reputed and produce quality materials but based on the different criterias Nvidia graphics card holds the top position with the highest point. For instance, Intel graphics card fails under following citeria

• Numerous warranty claims have been observed from the customers
• Failure during the operation questions the reliability of the intel graphics card
• Intel graphics card has the heating problem during the operation.

AMD fails under the refund policy and heating during the operation. Likewise, the superiorty of Nvidia graphics card over other graphics card can be observed in following criteria:-

• Greater FPS generation is observed thus rendering realistic visuals during game play
• It meets the standards set by the regulating bodies
• Despite of its shipment and delivery time, other factors make it superior

Thus from above analyses, the NVIDIA graphics card is selected.

5 STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

5.1 Identifying the process

The development of Alienware 17 requires multiple processes in order to make it ready for the end users. There are basically 10 processes involved throughout the system of making the product ready, these processes are explained below:-

Market Research

It is the first and foremost task that is done to identify the need of the customer and thus labelling the different needs into MUSTs, WANTs and EXTRAs. It not only identifies the needs but also distinguish the target group of customers and helps to determine the future market scenario, cost of production, policies involved and the standards to be maintained.

Recruitment Process

Producing the latest and competitive gadget like Alienware 17 requires the certain sets of knowledge and ideas. Alienware 17 contains some innovative ideas like NVIDIA VR and TObii eye ball tracking system, which can be developed and compiled only by the certain professionals. Thus, for the future development of the technology, rectification of any unforeseen errors and for the routine functions workforce is required, and this can be done by the fair recruitment system.

Design Process

The technologies to be incorporated, appearance, dimensions and all other seen and unseen features are involved in design process. This process produces the virtual representation of the gaming laptop being developed.

Supplier selection

Gaming laptop is the manufactured by the assemblage of parts and accessories that are manufactured within the company and imported from the market. As the manufacturing of all the parts is not possible within a single company, the requirement of supplier of parts is required. Supplier selection is done using the supplier selection and evaluation process and thus the supplier with highest scale is selected for the supply of each part.

Hardware procurement and assemblage

After the supplier selection, the parts are then procured. The hardware and technologies exclusive to the company are then manufactured. After all the hardware are available then the assemblage is done by the expert team in order to provide the flawless assembly of the parts.

Software Installation

After the assembly of the laptop, all the operating systems -basically Windows 10 is installed. The required drivers for the hardware like graphics card, processor, sound and other devices are installed.

Test, Inspection and Verification

This process involves the testing of the hardware, inspection of software and hardware and thus verify if the standard of these components are working as per the guidelines set by the regulating bodies. Here, the different softwares are run that gives load to the processor and graphics cards. The heating of these components are the biggest challenge to any gaming laptop developer. Thus, if these hardware heat to a prerscribed temperature then they are accepted.

Packaging, Storing and Supplying

All the compling Alienware 17 are then packed with shock absorber casing and other cushion in order to prevent the damage during the shipment. Untill, the order for the device are obtained, the final products are stored in dust free and safe warehouses. After, the order is obtained by retailers or distributors or sometimes from the end user through online sales, the product is then dispatched with all the accessories in a transporting safe boxes.

 

Adversting and Marketing Process

Current generation sales is based on the advertisement of the products and good marketing. Advesting can be done online on social medias like Facebook and Youtube. Furthermore, gameplay competitions and expos are the good ground for the product, provided that new discounts and offers are provided. Free games, softwares and extended warranties can be provided or advertised during the marketing.

5.2 Constructing and using a SPC Chart

Statistical Control Charts:

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method to control the quality by using the statistical means in which first the methods for the process are established, followed by the examination of the product or services in regards to failure or loss. It ensures the early detection of the problem and limit it within the prescribed range and thus ensure the standard quality production. According to (Oakland 2007) , every process can be understood that there exist the variation which can be controlled using the statistical measures provided that the process driving body has the capability to do the improvement and rectification. SPC is not merely a tool that gives the pin point reason but a guide that helps to understand the deviation in the quality and thus helps the organisation to prevent and rectify before its too late. It is based on the lab testing, inspection, simulation running or the external feedbacks. (Oakland 2007) states that every process is not under the jurisdiction of control. So these three questions should have positive response in order to apply the SPC

1. Has the process been done correctly?
2. Can the process be controlled by the manufacturer?
3. Is the controlling possible to rectify the error?

SPC involves different limits like Upper Control Limit (UPC), Lower Control Limit (LCL), Upper Specification Limit (USL), Lower specification Limit (LSL) and a center line. Specification limit are the prescribed values with control limits as the values obtained from the deviation with the center line values.

For the SPC, statistical control charts are developed, and the selection of the type of charts to be used is dependent upon the types of data or variables used. Following is the flow chart for the selection of control charts:-

 

 

 

 

 

TypesofData

AttributesData

(Frequency Counts)

VariablesData

(Measurement)

Counting

Defective items

Counting

Defects

Sample size

n=1

Sample size

n>1

Proportion (Varying or constant n)

Counts

(Constant n)

Proportion (Varying or constant n)

Counts

(Constant n)

Use Standard Deviation (Aschermann & Klenzan) to calculate UCL and LCL

p-Chart

np-Chart

u-Chart

c-Chart

x-Chart

IMR-Chart

X-bar and

X-bar and

Source: Lecture Notes

R-Chart

s-Chart

Use Moving Range (Mrayyan) to calculate UCL and LCL

n=2–9

n>9

The charts to be used are based on the types of data. The type of data to be used and the elaboration of each chart can be explained as :-

1. P-chart

P-chart is used when the defective items are counted, or the number of discarded items are present in terms of proportion in the varying sample size n. The assumption of the p-chart is based on the fact that the p is same for the individual unit, independent of the failure and success of the previous and following item and the test process is identical to each item (Montgomery 2007) (Montgomery 2007).

For example, in case of Alienware 17 (battery life analysis which will be done in the assignment) p chart is plotted with varying number of samples each day about non-conforming batteries proportion.

2. Np chart

Np-chart is the extension of p chart where, the sample size n is constant, and the interpretation is done on the basis of exact number.

For example, for regular analysis of 5 batteries that fails in each day is the data required for the np-chart.

3. U-chart

U-chart is the control chart that analyses the data collected in the subgroups of varying sizes. It not only gives the defect analysis for the whole population but also provides the non-conformities in each subgroup.

For example, a large volume of batteries are obtained from the supplier. Then the batteries are grouped in subgroups and the non-confirmities in each subgroup is analysed which overall gives the defects analysis in the entire population.

 

4. C- chart

C-chart is the type of control chart where the subgroups formed are of same sample size and used to measure the nonconformities in single item or group of the same number of items.

For example:- heating problems, low battery lives and numerous problems are present in a single battery. Thus a number of defects shown by a single battery over the different cycles of charging can be used as the data type.

5. X-bar R-bar chart

The control chart with n ranging from 2-9 in subgroups determining the process to be stable and predictable. Here X chart shows the average changes over time and R chart show the subgroups range change in time. X-bar R-bar chart is used in the SPC chart construction of assignment.

In the manufacturing of laptop, battery life plays a vital role, Alienware 17 use battery that can last upto 12 hours. Due to varying requirements and needs sample size is changed, so 5% of the batteries are tested. Thus SPC chart using X-bar and R-chart is obtained. 17 units of times are used with maximum battery life as 12 hours so the USL and LSL are 12 and 8 hours respectively for X, whereas 5 hours and 1 hours for USL and LSL of R respectively.

Battery life x-Bar & R- chart
Data type: Measure battery life in hours
Sample size: 5 batteries
Alienware 17			Battery life				x-bar-R-chart
Day	1	2	3	4	5	x bar	R
1	11.20	10.30	11.50	10.90	9.20	10.62	2.30
2	9.70	10.60	11.20	10.20	9.90	10.32	1.50
3	10.60	9.90	11.40	10.10	10.60	10.52	1.50
4	9.60	9.80	10.60	9.80	10.80	10.12	1.20
5	10.30	9.50	10.80	9.20	11.10	10.18	1.90
6	11.30	9.60	10.40	10.60	11.80	10.74	2.20
7	10.80	9.20	10.10	10.40	10.20	10.14	1.60
8	9.10	10.50	10.20	10.70	10.20	10.14	1.60
9	9.70	10.80	9.80	10.80	10.50	10.32	1.10
10	11.40	10.70	10.50	10.50	9.80	10.58	1.60
11	10.60	9.80	9.70	10.20	9.20	9.90	1.40
12	9.80	10.60	9.10	10.60	11.20	10.26	2.10
13	9.9	10.5	9.5	10.4	10.7	10.20	1.20
14	10	10.4	9.3	9.8	9.5	9.80	1.10
15	10.5	10.7	10.1	9.7	9.1	10.02	1.60
16	11.1	10.1	10.5	9.1	9.2	10.00	2.00
17	10.9	11.2	10.6	9	10.5	10.44	2.20
					`	10.25	1.65

UCL (xbar)=(xbar) bar + (Rbar)*A2

LCL (xbar)= (xbar) bar – (Rbar)*A2

UCL (Akpolat) = (Boireau, Dufour & Praud)* D4

LCL (Akpolat) = (Boireau, Dufour & Praud) * D3

USL x=	12 hours
LSL x =	8 hours
USL R=	5 hours
LSL R	=1 hours
			A2 =	0.577	k=5
			D3 =	0
			D4 =	2.1140

Days	x bar bar	UCL x	LCL x	USL x	LSL x
1	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
2	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
3	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
4	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
5	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
6	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
7	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
8	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
9	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
10	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
11	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
12	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
13	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
14	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
15	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
16	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00
17	10.25	11.21	9.30	12.00	8.00

Days	R bar	UCL R	LCL R	USL R	LSL R
1	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
2	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
3	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
4	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
5	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
6	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
7	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
8	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
9	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
10	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
11	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
12	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
13	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
14	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
15	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
16	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00
17	1.65	3.49	0.00	5.00	1.00

From the X-bar chart, it can be inferred that battery life is satisfactory as x-bar is within the limit and the maximum variation is observed on the 6^th day of the test. Furthermore, minor variations are observed and the lower control limits and upper control limits are within the USL and LSL defining the process to be under control. Additionally, after the numerous cycle on the latter days from 13^th day, the life of the battery starts degrading.

Despite the fact that, only 5 batteries are tested in a company where thousands of batteries are used it shows the basic idea if the battery supplier selected is practically correct or not. R chart signifies the effectiveness in the manufacturing in which on 4^th and 14^th day, the variation is high compared to other days. Overall, the process is under control as no points go beyond the LCL or UCL.

6       Problem Solving

6.1 Identifying Problems and Using Problem-Solving Tools

The problems that could occur during the use of the gaming laptop are:-

1. Overheating of the device
2. Poor connectivity
3. Game lag/ slow functionality
4. High battery drainage
5. System Crash

6.2 Constructing and Using Problem Solving Tools

Various types of tools are present that can be used to solve the problems(Akpolat 2004):-

1. Problem-solving form
2. Whys
3. Check sheet and Pareto Diagram
4. Brainstorming
5. Fish bone diagram
6. Gantt Chart

Two types of problem-solving tools can be used for the problem-solving. One of the five problems that has been chosen for the problem-solving tools is over heating of the device.

a Fish bone diagram

Fish bone diagram is also known as Ishikawa diagram or cause and effect diagram based on its describer

Kaoru Ishikawa, explaining the cause of the particular event. Fishbone diagram identifies all the underlying

factors responsible for the particular defect and thus helps to minimise the overall effects(Ishikawa 1982). The process focuses on 5 Ms that cumulatively causes the single problem. The 5 Ms are :- Manpower, Method, Menvironment, Materials and Machine. The problems and 5Ms for the Overheating of the device are shown below:-

b Check sheet and Pareto Diagram

Check sheet is used to find the weightage of the particular source to a particular cause followed by Pareto chart in which the length of the bars representing the frequency of the incidence of the source. Pareto chart has its best functionality when there are many problems, and the focus is on the most significant. Check sheet comprises of root cause, the frequency of occurrence, absolute percentage and the accumulative percentage.

Root Cause	Occurrence	Absolute Percentage	Accumulative Percentage
Working room temperature	14	17.95	17.95
Cooling system malfunction	21	26.92	44.87
Lack of experience	7	8.97	53.84
High performance games	12	15.38	69.22
Lack of technology	6	7.69	76.91
Continuous use over long time	18	23.07	100
	78

From the above data, a Pareto chart is developed.

Thus from the above analyses, it can be concluded that the overheating of the device is mainly caused due to the cooling system malfunction. Thus for solving the problem of overheating, the cooling system should be adequately tested and addressed.

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