A Review of the Electrical Power Sector of Bangladesh

     A Review of the Electrical Power Sector of Bangladesh

Abstract – In this paper, an endeavour is made to give a review of the Bangladesh electrical power sector with the assistance of different information on the relative electrical utility and its yearly report. A few perceptions are made on the emergency in the power sector and on the conceivable answer for getting the better of the emergency. Moreover, the master plan of the power sector is discussed. The administration of power sector in Bangladesh has attempted a few undertakings to take care of this quickly developing demand. New arrangements have been created to address the difficulties in the power sector. These arrangements are also swiftly scrutinized in this paper. These approaches will assume an essential part in the maintainable improvement of the nation.

Keywords: Power sector, Electricity, Electrical power, Electrical Power Demand, Master Plan

1. Introduction

Bangladesh has a population of 160 million, one of the most populous countries in the world. Agribusiness used to be the essential wellspring of pay for the overall public of this country. In any case, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh was 7.05% percent in 2016. Bangladesh Bank guesses that in 2017 the monetary advancement will be over 7%. Fast urbanization fueled by stable fiscal improvement has made a colossal demand for Energy. It is remarkable that Energy expects a key piece of poverty obliteration, financial improvement, sensible structure progression and security of any country. In Bangladesh, control is the most by and largely used kind of Energy. Along these lines, future money related improvement through and through depends upon the openness of influence. Bangladesh Government should ensure sensible and normally friendly wellspring of electrical Energy for the overall public. Regardless, since its self-sufficiency from Pakistan in 1971, the country has endeavoured to create acceptable energy to deal with the request. The state-control utilities encounter the evil impacts of immense Energy insufficiencies. Moreover, as a result of poor assessing approaches and distinctive bottlenecks had the Energy part has in like manner fail to attract adequate private interests in charge business. This lack of theory is a contributing component of the energy crisis. The present government is centred on ensuring access to sensible and strong power for all inhabitants by2020. At present, pretty much the segment of the people ways to deal with control. The supply is in like manner insufficient trustworthy. The per capita electrical power use in Bangladesh is a standout amongst the most insignificant (311 kWh in 2015) on the planet. To upgrade the situation, the Government has grasped an extensive Energy headway framework to explore supply-side choices nearby demand organization that proportions Energy and incapacitates inefficient use the key convictions and change in the Electrical Power Sector of Bangladesh is cleared up here.

            2. Power Sector

Figure 1 shows the overall power sector structure of Bangladesh. The sector can be explained as follows:

a) Governing and regulatory bodies: Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resource (MPEMR) is the principle administering body of the power sector. Power Division was set up in 1998 under the Service of Power, Vitality and Mineral Assets and is endowed with the obligation of general administration of the power sector in the Bangladesh including all issues and arrangements identifying with the Power sector. Power Cell has been made by MPEMR for Usage of Bangladesh power sector change exercises of the legislature of Bangladesh. Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) works with the issues of controls in power sectors. The workplace of the Electrical advisor (EA) and Chief Electrical Inspector (CEI) has been built up under area 36 of the Power Demonstration 1910. EA& CEI office plays out the capacities as indicated in the Power Demonstration, Power Run, Cinematograph Act to control and guarantee the security of lives and properties in the power sector.

b) Generation and Transmission authority: Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB), set up in 1972, is the master for orchestrating, improvement and operation of power age and transmission workplaces all through Bangladesh and for dissemination in urban zones except for the metropolitan city of Dhaka and its flanking regions. REB (Rural Electrification Board) moreover makes a little piece of the power. There is different Autonomous Power Maker which makes and pitches power to the BPDB. BPDB’s retail bargain through claim dissemination is speaking to around 32% of total retail bargains. Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) developed under the Association’s Show, 1994 is supplementary of BPDB. PGCB is in danger for the method the grid arrangement of the 230kV and 132kV structure.

c) Distribution authority: Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) is in charge of conveyance of power in a piece of metropolitan Dhaka and some change territory. It buys control from BPDB at 132 kV. DPDC’s retail deal represents around 21% of aggregate deals. Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) set up under Companies’ Act of 1994 is in charge of appropriation of power in Mirpur and Gulshan territory of the Metropolitan City of Dhaka. DESCO’s retail deal represents 9% of aggregate national deals Rural Electrification Board (REB) REB is in charge of circulation of power in country regions through an arrangement of co-agents known as Palli Biddyut Samities (PBS). It buys control from BPDB and DPDC at 33 kV. REB’s retail deal represents around 38% of aggregate retail national deals. Sixty-seven (67) PBS’s are working at an exhibit in provincial territories. West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC) is a dispersion backup of BPDB. The Company is working on the South West piece of the nation.

     3. Energy Flow Structure

The Energy flow structure of Bangladesh can be represented as shown in figure 2where five fuels are depicted as primary fuel named Diesel Oil, Furnace Oil, Coal, Natural Gas and Water. Among them, Natural Gas is the dominating one i.e. the main resource of generation of electricity in Bangladesh is Gas.

For the generation of electricity diesel power station, steam power station, combined cycle power station and hydropower station are used by BPDP. About 6% of the generated powers are used by the generating stations and others are delivered to the grid. A part of a generation is done by private generators. According to the 2016-17 year, about 35,622 GWh power is generated. Less than 4.5% was transmission loss in that year and rest was sold through DPDC, DESCO, REB, WZPDC and BPDB District zones. Accepting some system loss the rest of BPDP distribution was in different districts like Chittagong, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Rangpur etc

4.Power Generation

At present total installed capacity is 15803MW  and about 13259MW  installed in Public sector and rest of it about 1991MW is in private sector(source: BPDB website). So, most of the power generation is done by BPDB. Besides this part of the total power is generated by IPP and rented power plants. REB also generates a small part of the total power. According to key statistics from the official website of BPDB, power generation scenario in December 2017 was as follows:

It is clear from the table that total installed capacity in December 2017 was 15803MW and generation capability was 15250MW. This deviation from the installed capacity caused due to (1) a few plants was out of operation for upkeep, recovery and redesigning, (2) limit of a few plants were re-evaluated because of maturing and (3) gas deficiency. Major of the age is finished by government-possessed BPDB and rest by other private and rental power plants. The contribution of the type of power plant and fuel type according to capacity can be clearly viewed from the table 4. The steam turbine is the dominating one for generation of electrical power and about 37% of the installed capacity is of this type. Combined and Gas turbines power plants are 2^nd and 3^rd in a generation. About 63% of the total power generation capacity was dependent on Gas in 2017. Another type of fuel is furnace oil, diesel, hydro and coal. Less percentage of contribution in generation from the other types of fuel signifies how much the power production is dependent on Gas.

In FY 2017, the peak generation was about 13162 MW, which was about 0.80% higher than previous year’s peak generation of 13130 MW. During this year a net energy of 15,449 GWh was generated in the public sector power plants under BPDB. Furthermore, around 10,173 GWh of power was acquired by BPDB from IPP (Independent Power Producer) and Rental Power Plants in the private division. The net Energy produced by open and private area control plants remained at 25,622 GWh (Excluding Power buy by REB from IPP) Add up to net Energy created by people in general (BPDB) and private part control plants (IPP) by sort of fuel is portrayed for FY 2017 in figure 5.

Figure 5: Contribution of fuel type in net power generation

However present capacity in both sectors is lower than the installed capacity. Most of these power plants are synchronized with the national grid. Be that as it may, some diesel control stations at remote spots and islands are not associated with the National Grid. Terminal voltages of these diverse generators are 11 KV, 11.5 KV and 15.75 KV. Eastern side of waterway Jamuna i.e. the Eastern Zone, power is created from indigenous gas and a little rate through hydro control and in the Western Zone, Coal and imported fluid fuel is utilized for Generation of power

5. Power Demand

According to Power System Master Plan, 2017the forecast maximum demand in 2019 about 16000 MW and the served demand was 14,162MW.From the analysis of figure 3, it seems that demand is almost double from 2012 but the served electricity is not increased as according to demand. Demand is increasing day by day in various sectors. In the Fiscal Year, 2017-18 consumer growth increased about 8.18% and in 2018-19 about 7.80% respect to the previous year.

The demand of Consumers on BPDB system varies throughout the day and night. During 5 pm to 11 pm termed as ‘peak hour’ when the maximum demand occurs. This variation is measured in terms of Load Factor, which is the ratio of average and maximum demand. For economic reasons, it is desirable to have a high Load Factor, as this would permit better utilization of plant capacity. The cost of Energy supply amid top hour is high as some moderately costlier power plants are required to be utilized amid top hour. A portion of the shoppers keep away from or decrease power utilization amid top hour. Endeavors are additionally made to debilitate those buyers not to utilize power amid crest hour. The endeavour has likewise been made to apply two-section levy, by which buyers of specific classes are charged at the higher rate for their utilization amid crest hour, which would rouse them to devour less power at crest hour and greater power amid the off-top hour.

6.  Source of Energy

Renewable Energy: Bangladesh produces 233MW electricity from renewable energy sources. The administration intends to consent to 10% of the aggregate generation of electricity from renewable energy sources from 2020. For instance, some solar undertakings incorporate a 500 MW solar energy venture in Feni, 100MW solar photovoltaic Photo in view of the Power age arrange associated with the plant which is likewise in Feni, 200 MW solar Stop in Tekhnaf, 200MW Matrix tied solar plant Photovoltaic in Latshal, 60MW and the 30MW Windmill Energy venture at the Cox Bazaar and the A1 MW squander based power plant in Keraniganj and different territories. At present, there are a few renewable energy advancement ventures being executed in Bangladesh. On the off chance that all undertakings advance as per their arrangement, there will be an aggregate of 2,651 MW of electricity generation from extension to renewable energies

Coal Based Power Plant

The universal cost of coal is moderately steadier and has a lower instability than oil and gaseous petrol. Coal likewise has more prominent accessibility all through the world and can give a more broadened and stable offer. With this comprehension, the Administration intended to build up a substantial coal-based power plant. The arrangement is to create around 10,500 MW of focal coal-based power supply from 2022

Nuclear Energy Projects

As a component of the longtime power generation Design, the administration will utilize 4000 MW of power from nuclear energy sources. Bangladesh and Russia have consented to an inter-governmental arrangement (IGA) in

2011 to install two units of 1200 MW each of the VVER nuclear power plant in Rooppur, Pabna. These units will be produced and installed inconsistency with all post-Fukushima security highlights. In December 2015, a General contract was marked with the EPC temporary worker to begin the physical development work. The Rooppur NPP is probable to be made to order for the year 2024.Since the nuclear power plant has no outflows, it will fabricate low-carbon society.

    7. Crisis in Power Sector

Following few paragraphs explain the interruptions and load shedding showing the intensity of power crisis:

According to table 12, there are 6 types of faults that caused interruption in transmission i.e. in national grid are Partial Power failure due to trouble in generation ,fractional power outage because of issues in the grid by the S/S device, halfway power outage because of the breakdown in the transmission line, fractional power outage because of lightning in the transmission line/Electrical storm, incomplete power outage because of lightning in the Transmission Line/Rainstorm and Aggregate system discontent.

Among them, Partial Power failure due to trouble in a generation is the most dominant one.

People of Bangladesh are suffering much due to everyday load shedding and it becomes a very common term in the Power sector of Bangladesh. According to dictionary.com, load-shedding is the cutting off the electric current on certain lines when the demand becomes greater than the supply. In FY 2016-17, load shedding was imposed on 351 days which was in the previous fiscal year 358 days which signifies how frequently load shedding occurs. Table 13 shows that on 27.03.2010 total demand was 4282 MW and total load shedding by BPDB was 1116 MW. The highest load shed of 373 was done in Dhaka.

The following figure shows the load shedding of the same day at a different time. It is clear from the graph that majority of the load shedding was done between 18:30 and 21:00. However, highest load shedding occurred at 19:30.

To explain in more details, according to Government of Bangladesh/ ADB report (2016), the problem of Bangladesh’s power sector is explained under main four groups as shown in figure 14. Bangladesh has an economic growth averaging some 5.1% annually over the past 10 years but still continues to face daunting problems in the power sector, notably, electrification ratio is very poor (less than 40% in 2016) and extensive load shedding. With extending rural electrification, the electrification ratio can be improved and load shedding can be reduced by adding and rehabilitating generation capacity, and where necessary, upgrading transmission and distribution capacity. But Bangladesh power sector is not solvent enough and could not generate sufficient cash to finance all the necessary major rehabilitation work and needed new generation capacity let alone service its long-term debt capital.

The government of Bangladesh/ ADB report (2016) termed this insufficient cash flow as a symptom and it remarked losses and inefficiencies as well as Inadequate Tariffs and Subsidies as the main root cause. The tariff structure is not adequate to maintain the present capacity and expand the capacity. As a result, the government has to spend a lot of money for maintaining the current capacity and expand it. At the same time, the loss in Transmission and Distribution (T&D) is much bigger respect to generation. In power supply system there are two types of loss: one is technical and the other one is not technical. The non-technical loss occurred due to theft from power sector personnel (e.g. meter tempering, illegal connection etc.) and another type may be due to an equipment problem, insufficient maintenance, over headline loss, faulty contacts etc. If we read the daily report of BPDB .it is clear that many of the turbines are under maintenance or under rehabilitation work which has a great impact on power generation. According to BPDB report, system loss in net generation in FY 2016-17 was 6.92%

This is mainly caused due to improper maintenance of distribution and transmission network and due to relatively old machinery. Also, inefficiencies occurred from the human factor.

As a result of these persisting problems caused low access to electricity and poor reliability. Many of the rural areas and inhabitants are still out of reach of electricity. So they can not contribute to the country’s GDP as much as they could. Another side effect is that people who have access to electricity are not getting it properly. Extensive load shedding is done by the electricity company which makes the life of general people horrible. All types of industries failed to achieve their target production which in turn lowered down their contribution to GDP.

      8. Policy of Electricity Price

The cost of power is the most composite of all energy assets, maybe in light of the fact that it is additionally politically touchy. Practically speaking, the cost of power takes after two stages:

a) Set up the Tariff bulk rate required by the Bangladesh Energy Advancement Board (BPDB) for dissemination organizations, for example, Dhaka Electric Supply Organization (DESCO), Dhaka Electric Supply Specialist (DESA), West Zone Power Circulation Organization (WZPDC)), Dhaka Power Dispersion Organization (DPDC) and Provincial Charge Board (REB).

b) Set retail costs that are required on end purchasers of power from the appropriation of energy organizations.

One can quote here that there are unmistakable tariff retail rates for five classes of shoppers: local, water system in horticulture, little industry, non-private, and business. These customers are charged contrastingly in light of the measure of their utilization (for residential buyers) and at the season of utilization, for example, use at crest peak and Off-peak hours.

The rules go for classifying the way toward applying the standards of Tariff alteration and eliminating mutilations in the Tariff structure. In this regard, the accompanying standards should apply:

• The normal tariff of the electrical client for every client class will be built up to completely cover the sensible power supply expenses to that client class (counting the cost of age, framework administrations, transmission, and conveyance), and create a surplus to expand scope and supply, and enhance the nature of administration.

• If the legislature has chosen to sponsor capital or administration expenses to meet certain client classes, it ought to be done specifically from the financial plan.

• Tariffs joins motivators to enhance specialized and business productivity and age costs are “go” to the Tariffs of the end client.

• Tariffs will be overhauled in any event quarterly and remedied yearly for reflect changes in fuel costs, age blend, trade rates and inflation. If the quarterly survey shows a variety of the costs identified over 10%, the Tariffs would be balanced in like method.

• Difference between rates for Pick and Off-pick consumption will be retained, and a two-part Tariff for BPDB generation plants will be introduced, with a part covering the fixed costs (capacity) and the second part, which covers the variable costs (energy).

It should be remembered that BERC organizes public hearings involving actors, policymakers, government officials and eminent civil society personalities in order to maintain transparency and accountability in the context of prices. In These hearings, BPDB, DESCO, DESA, WZPDC and secessionist present their requests and share their early retail price and most Tariff. The respective and interested persons can contribute their suggestions on the policy of electricity prices by considering the demands of BPDB and distribution companies, as well as the impact of the price increase at the consumer level. BERC determines, therefore, the rate of Tariff based on the discussion in public hearings and other public editions.

At present, the case of the implicit allowance ( pick and Off-pick) and the explicit subsidies to electricity by the government are raised, since in both cases the majority of the rates of the Tariff retailers are established under the cost of electricity supply. Therefore, the BPDB, as well as the electricity distribution companies, undergo huge losses. The policy of reducing subsidies in electricity requires, therefore, reducing the gap between sales prices and supply costs. The approach of the government involved the gradual increase in mass and retail tariff rates. This gradualist approach to price adjustments has been designed to avoid strong price shocks for the economy. The increase in the Tariff mass rate improves the financial situation of the BPDB which, however, increases the cost of electricity supply at the retail level.

This requires increasing tariff rates for energy distribution companies otherwise face higher losses. Therefore, the increase in the Tariff in bulk should be based on a thorough assessment of the impact of a tariff increase in the rates of Tariff retailers paid by deferential consumer categories. In this context, decisions on the scope of the Tariff excursion should take account of several considerations:

• However much as could reasonably be expected, there ought to be an adjusted increment in mass and retail tariff rates. This is essential since a higher increment in retail tariff than the mass Tariff will affect end customers more, which could make negative discernments with respect to value modifications. Then again, expanded Retail tariffs contrasted with the Tariff mass will bring about more prominent misfortunes for dissemination organizations.

• One of the primary explanations behind the high supply cost of dissemination organizations is the pervasiveness of high framework misfortunes in the production network. The lessening of these framework misfortunes will fundamentally add to the expenses of bringing down dispersion and streamline retail rates tariff shoppers.

• Sparing power by diminishing waste is another approach to control the tremendous interest for power in the economy and to decrease the hole between the supply of power and request, which would lessen the weight for cost increments.

Current tariff structure in power Area:

Three kinds of tariffs are overseen in Bangladesh:

(I) Bulk or discount tariff – rate at which BPDB Acquiring energy of producing elements;

(II) The expenses of the wheels paid at PGCB; and

(III) Retail rate – rate at which the circulation Organizations pitch to customers

The Bulk or the discount rate fluctuates as per the power Sorts of plants and energizes utilized

.

There are two kinds of power appropriations in Bangladesh. The primary sort of subsidy is given to fuel in the generation of power. This diminishes the cost of vitality generation. The subsidy is additionally offered by offering rates of power lower than creation costs. The minimal effort of power has assumed an unequivocal part in the development and advancement of the Bangladesh economy. In spite of the fact that the cost per unit of the power supply has expanded after some time, the rate of increment is very little. Notwithstanding, BPDB has as of late found a way to put in new power plants and to buy power from free vitality makers to take care of the developing demand for power. This prompts an expansion in the cost of power creation. The cost has multiplied in a period of 7 years. Considering the expanding expense of power supply, the kind of mass electric tariff has risen as of late from 2.50 TK in 2007 to 3.8 TK in 2015 to diminish BPDB misfortunes. The streamlining of the arrangement of age, transmission and dispersion, the straightforwardness of the framework and the correct development of the current supply constraint is basic to limit the misfortune.

      9. Master Plan of Power Sector

A long-haul energy generation design was executed up to 2030 in the Power System Master Plan (PSMP) – 2010. In the PSMP – 2010, the request conjecture depended on a 7% GDP development rate. It is important to quicken the advancement of power to expand get to and accomplish monetary improvement. The alluring financial development rate would be around 7% p.a. In light of this examination, the most extreme request would be around 17,304 MW in the financial year 2020 and 33,708 MW in 2030.

The PSMP is refreshed at regular intervals because of changes in the arranging viewpoint. The Power System Master Plan (PSMP) – 2016, a refreshed adaptation of PSMP-2010, regarded the methodology of enhancing the essential fuel supply. The arrangement time frame for the 2016 PSMP-2016 will be 2016-2041

The Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2016, supported by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), intends to enable Bangladesh to figure a far-reaching energy and energy advancement design up to the year 2041, covering the adjust of Energy, adjust of powers and tax procedures. Bangladesh tries to end up plainly a high-wage nation in 2041. The improvement of vitality and vitality foundation, in this manner, seeks after the amount as well as the quality to accomplish long haul monetary advancement. As Bangladesh tends to the consumption of residential gas supplies, different issues, for example, supportable improvement orchestrates with financial enhancement, better vitality quality for the up and coming cutting edge enterprises and the teach Operation and Maintenance (O and M) for control plants electric must be tended to comprehensively. Besides, the vitality sponsorship is likewise a troublesome test in light of the fact that there is dependably the worry that an uncommon increment in fuel and power costs could trigger another negative impact on the national economy. A fastidious investigation is expected to locate the supreme move toward to accomplish the supportability of the vitality and power parts in adjusting with monetary development. The new PSMP examine covers each one of the difficulties specified all-inclusive, and presents possible proposition and activity gets ready for Bangladesh to be executed.

The hole between genuine demand and anticipated demand stayed huge because of the absence of electricity supply, coming about because of the absence of usage of the arranged development of energy age plants.

The graph demonstrates the situation of the steady increment in electricity demand every year. Be that as it may, the hole amongst free market activity remains what requires more power projects to execute.

The requirement of electricity in Bangladesh ought to be 33,708 MW for 2030. Be that as it may, the legislature of Bangladesh wants to build its energy age limit past its anticipated demand to 40,000 MW from 2030 to drive the country’s quickly developing economy.

 Investment Plan in Power Sector

To accomplish the government’s objective of covering the whole nation under power for 2021, the nation requires multi-million dollar interests in the Power sector. Therefore, the government is progressively expanding the wellsprings of speculation.

Little Power plan schemes are pulling in speculation from the private division while the administration is looking for creative subsidizing through joint events and the ECA (Fare credit Organization) bolstered by financing for incredible power plan schemes.

The Asian Improvement Bank (ADB) will likewise give a USD 616 million advance (BDT 50 billion) in Bangladesh to enable the nation to meet its objective of giving 100% access to power to its nationals from 2021. The administration has likewise influenced a substantial financing concurrence with the Indian and Chinese government to fund vast Power to plan extends to the nation.

Moreover, alongside advances and advances from region banks, private division promoters of power plants are additionally seeking after advance kind advances from different outside banks and other remote sources.

Furthermore, the Administration and the general population of Bangladesh to build up their nation in a created nation is to make a picture of a “Developed nation” in 2041 that incorporates the measure of the economy and the way of life of the general population they target, set up a Nation perfect approach to utilize vitality for the economy of improvement that is proficient and energy sparing in the way they have, as said above, alone and understand the perfect way capably.

10. Required Steps for Improving Power Sector 

It is anticipated in the government statement of divulgence that the Bangladesh power sector would be equipped through the isolation of the generation, transmission and distribution capacities and the administration of these capacities through the joining of substances; The accompanying advances are viewed as vital before the production of an assortment of corporate elements so that after the organization, these elements can work appropriately and accomplish the destinations of accomplishing objective of the power division

Generation

• Require Conversion from the power generation with internal-combustion engines to more energy for efficient power generation.
• Require Thermal power generation- Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation
• Require Biomass gasification power generation
• Require Power generation using the methane gas generated by fermenting biomass
• Require Implantation of power plants using solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy and bio-fuel
• Require the energy conservation technology
• Require Power generation with the integrated coal gasification combined cycle.
• Require modifying and restoration of power generation facilities by Renewable Energy.
• Require Biomass gasification for power generation.
• Require Implantation of power plants that can be worked with both renewable energy and traditional energy sources.
• Require Implantation of power plants for utilizing bio-energy including biomass, biogas and bio-fuel for power generation.
• Require Implantation of decentralized energy generation for utilizing renewable energy.
• Require concentrating to evaluate the specialized qualities of the power plants.
• Require to concentrate on plan employee’s exchange plans’ including Human Asset Advancement thinks about

Transmission

• Require Improvement of the power factor
• Require Improvement of the power flow (increasing the number of transmission lines)
• Require Increasing the diameter of power cables
•  Require to  increase the transmission voltage
• Require to utilize Superconducting cables
• Require utilize Superconducting transformers
• Require utilize Insulated strand cables
• Require to implement  of low loss transmission cables

Distribution

Steps important to change existing distribution arrangement of BPDB, DESCO, and DESA into various new corporatized elements are:

•  Require Distribution loss reduction technology –Smart grid (improvement of power factors: reduction of lagging power factors, low-loss distribution transformers, “Top Runner Transformers”, amorphous core transformers, improvement of measuring equipment)
• Require to increasing the diameters of power cables)
  Require executing shrewd network for electrical power administration.
• Require concentrating to build up an institutional system for the operation of individual distribution units as benefit focuses of the corporatized distribution substances.
• Require evaluating the specialized highlights of the distribution systems.

Need Priority area for improvement

In the arrangement Proclamation, it has been featured that execution change in distribution capacities would be at the highest point of the motivation for changes. Along these lines, in the planning of the user program for control area changes, need should put on changes and rebuilding of distribution capacities. It can’t be overemphasized that unless and until the point that the execution of distribution fragment is enhanced, changes in different portions, for example, generation and transmission won’t accomplish critical change in the general circumstance of the power area, especially in regard of purchaser benefit standards and monetary  practicality.

Employees Issues

There exists a lot of vulnerability and worry among the employees in the power sector, concerning the Change. The Approach Articulation has said that the employees’ advantages and rights will be secured in the change procedure. In this manner, the employees must be kept educated of the usage get ready for changes, including staff exchange plots with the goal that the employees have no undue dread and are spurred by the advantages that will be gathered to them and to the nation through changes.

              5. Conclusion

Assessment of the power sector of Bangladesh is demonstrated in this paper. Past and present pictures of the power generation, power demand and fuel blend has been featured. Power is the prime mover of any economy. whichever enormous push of the economy would require a continuous power supply. The arrangement of satisfactory and solid supply of power at a sensible cost is a pre-imperative to achieve the objective of being a centre pay nation by 2021-41. The administration is working steadily to build the nation’s capability to create required power. Advance Energy accessibility will be significant for accomplishing Millennium Development Goals.

References

1. A special report on direct solar energy. AvailableWeblink:http://srren.ipccwg3.de/report/IPCC_SRREN_Ch03
2. “Monetary Policy Statement: July-December 2016” Bangladesh Bank.
3. “Electricity for all by 2021, says PM” The Daily Sun, July 8, 2015.
4.  “Key World Energy Statistics 2016” International Energy Agency, 2016.
5.  “Energy Sector in Bangladesh: An agenda for reforms” March 2014.
6. M.Zakir Hossain Khan and M. Rasheduzzman, “Performance of the Power Sector of Bangladesh: Governance Failures and Remedial Measures”
7. Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB).
8. Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from World Bank, World Bank,
9.  “Draft Energy Policy of Bangladesh”, 2006.
10.  “Annual Report 2014-15” Bangladesh Power Development Board.
11.  Dr. Ahmed Kaikaus and Jarifa Khatun “Transformation from MDG to SDG: Role of Electricity, Banglade4sh Prospective”
12. “Key Statistics”, BPDB accessed on October 12, 2016.
13. “Renewable Energy Policy of Bangladesh” Power Division, Ministry pf Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of the People’sRepublic of Bangladesh.
14. “Annual Report 2014-15” Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL).
15. http://idcol.org/home/penergy accessed on October 12, 2016.
16. http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26&Itemid=24 accessed October 12, 2016.
17.  Power System Master Plan 2016 (Draft), Power Division, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of The People’sRepublic Of Bangladesh.
18. http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=231 accessed October 12, 2016.
19. “Energy efficiency and conservation master plan up to 2030” SREDA and Power Division, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
20. APCTT-UNESCAP Bangladesh Renewable Energy Report(http://recap.apctt.org/Countries/PDF/India_CountryReport.pdf; accessed on 17.10.10)
21. BPDB Transmission (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/x-mission.htm; accessed on 11.03.2010)
22. BPDB-Tariff (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/tariff.htm; accessed on 11.03.2010)
23. BPDB-website (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd)
24. Daily summary report(http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/Daily_Summery_Report.pdf; accessed on 28.03.2010)
25. DESCO Annual report 2008 (current report),  (http://www.desco.org.bd/index.php?pageid=20; accessed on  29.03.2010)
26. DPDC-statistics (http://www.dpdc.org.bd/dpdc/statistics.php; accessed on 18.03.2010)
27. EA & CEI (http://www.powerdivision.gov.bd/index.php?page_id=244; accessed on 20.03.2010)
28. Finance Division 2010, Towards Revamping Power and Energy Sector: A Road Map
29. (http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/budget/10_11/p&e/english_1.pdf; accessed on 12.10.2010)
30. GDP of Bangladesh (http://www.bbs.gov.bd/na_wing/GDP_2008_09.pdf; accessed on 03.10.2010)
31. Government of Bangladesh/ ADB 2008, “Final report”, PA Consulting Group, New Zealand
32. (www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/BPDB%20Final%20Report%20.pdf  on 31.03.10)
33. Key statistics of BPDB (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/key_statistics.htm; accessed on 21.03.2010)
34. List of power plant 2009 (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/power_plants.pdf; accessed on 27/03/2010)
35. New generation plan 2010http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb/images/Planning/new_generation_planning.pdf; accessed on 10.12.2010)
36. Official Website of BPDB (www.bpdb.gov.bd/; accessed on 08.03.2010)
37. Official Website of Power cell (http://www.powercell.gov.bd/; accessed on 20.03.2010)
38. Official Website of Power division (http://www.powerdivision.gov.bd/; accessed on 21.03.2010)
39. PGCB website (http://www.pgcb.org.bd/Pages/HomePage.aspx; accessed on 12.02.2010)
40. PGCB-website ( http://www.pgcb.org.bd; accessed on 11.03.2010)
41. Power Cell 2006, Power System Master Plan Update
42. (http://www.powercell.gov.bd/index.php?page_id=243, accessed on 17.03.2010)
43. Power Division 2007, Policy Guideline for Power Purchase from Captive Power Plant
44. (http://www.powerbangladesh.com/Bangladesh%20Power%20Data.pdf; accessed on 19.05.2010)
45. Power Division 2008, 3-Year Road Map For Power Sector Reform (2008 – 2010)
46. (http://www.powercell.gov.bd/index.php?page_id=245; accessed on 19.04.2010)
47. Powercell 2006, Bangladesh Power Sector Data Book
48. (www.powerbangladesh.com/Bangladesh%20Power%20Data.pdf; accessed on 19.05.2010)
49. Powercell-Bulktariff (http://www.powercell.gov.bd/images/additional_images/ Bulk%20Tariff.pdf; accessed on 11.03.2010)
50. Powercell-Website (http://www.powercell.gov.bd)
51. Report on Survey of Manufacturing Industries 2005-06
52. (http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/Latest%20Statistics%20Release/report_CMI.pdf; accessed on 03.10.2010)
53. Tariff 2010 (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/new_tariff_032010.pdf; ; accessed on 17.03.2010)
54. Tariff-DESCO (http://www.desco.org.bd/index.php?pageid=5; accessed on 17.03.2010)
55. Tariff-WZPDCL (http://www.wzpdcl.org.bd/Tariff%20&%20Penal%20Rate%20&%20PFC.pdf; accessed on 19.03.2010)
56. Tariff 2007 (http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/tarif_%202007.pdf; accessed on 17.03.2010)
57. Vision 2021 (http://boi.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/government-and-policies/government-vision-2021; accessed on 12.11.2010)
58. WZPDCL (http://www.wzpdcl.org.bd/Vision%20Mission%20Formation%20Geo%20 Area.php; accessed on 11.03.2010)
59. WZPDCL-System Information (http://www.wzpdcl.org.bd/System %20